What happens if biomedical device and instruments are absorbed into the body after medical treatment? This eliminates the need for risky secondary surgery, which can potentially cause infection and hemorrhage, reduces patient cost and time, and improves the patient experience. Biodegradable, minimally invasive implants perform a series of research in design and fabrication of biomedical devices with fully biodegradable and resorbable materials, and in demonstrations in biological systems. The specific areas are understanding the mechanism of bioresorption of electronics, hybridizing soft substrate to inorganic electronics, and applying the developed electronics to demonstration biological systems.
Here we give recent examples of biodegradable, minimally invasive implants. More examples and studies are listed in what follows.
Minimally Invasive Injectable and Biodegradable Electronics
Large-area brain-interface electronic components can monitor physiological states in real-time from multiple points, providing extensive brain information for precise Brain-Machine Interface (BMI). However, inserting large-area components into the brain requires a craniotomy procedure, which can be associated with complications such as chronic headaches or brain hemorrhage. A deployable and biodegradable brain-interface electronic component which can be packaged within a catheter, minimizes the surgical burden by creating only small openings in the skull. The packaged electronic component can then be unfolded widely through the catheter, easing the insertion procedure. Furthermore, after usage, the component self-dissolves, eliminating the need for removal surgery.

3D Electronic Printing
Traditional 2D lithography-based technology faces challenges when applied to advanced implantable devices with complex three-dimensional structures. Moreover, integrating interfacing modules, such as cuffs and electrodes, introduces lead and connection-related issues. 3D electronic printing technology ensures the fabrication of components with intricate structures, allowing for personalized designs in specific applications. It is possible to display a variety of biodegradable inks including conductors, semiconductors, dielectrics, frame materials, and more. Moreover, multiple materials for essential circuit components can also be combined into a single printing technique. Our demonstration involved fabricating tube-shaped wireless stimulators tailored to specific tissues using 3D electronic printing and validating their functionality, efficacy in nerve recovery therapy, and biodegradability across multiple body tissues. This affirms the capability of printing functional electronic components through an all-in-one process.
