The field of electronic devices is transitioning from traditional electronics technology, characterized by rigid materials and predetermined specifications found in devices like PCs and smartphones, towards wearable devices and personalized next-generation electronics. The development of future electronics presents challenges in recycling and reusing methods that were applicable to conventional electronic waste disposal, as determined by material characteristics. The expected exponential increase in electronic waste presents a significant environmental challenge. Therefore, the development of Biodegradable Electronics Technology wherein components rapidly decompose and disappear after a certain operational period without generating toxic by-products, will play a crucial role in addressing the environmental issues associated with forthcoming electronic waste. Moreover, the rapid progress of the future electronics industry raises apprehensions regarding energy resource consumption and environmental issues, particularly in conjunction with the escalating power consumption. The research in the Zero-Waste/Eco-Friendly Electronic Materials is conducting investigations that integrate Biodegradable Electronics Technology with environmentally friendly energy harvesting technologies including triboelectric, thermoelectric, and solar cells to address the environmental challenges arising from the development of future electronics.
Below is an introduction to some of the latest research findings from our laboratory.
Flexible & stretchable eco-degradable conductive paste
The biodegradable conductive paste, designed to decompose in natural environments like soil and seawater, represents an environmentally friendly electronic material technology. Notably, conductive paste has attracted considerable attention for its cost-effective processing of large-area devices through screen printing techniques. Conductive paste by incorporating metal inorganic particles into a polymer solution finds applications in various forms, including conductive electrodes, wires, and planar electronic components (inductors, capacitors, etc.). The paste formed by blending molybdenum particles with the flexible polymer PBAT, maintains its electrical properties even in highly elastic environments, rendering it suitable for future sensor patch devices exposed to constant human movement or external impacts. We have successfully implemented a wearable strain sensor device that operates reliably even in joints undergoing significant length deformations using biodegradable conductive paste. Furthermore, leveraging its capability to be used in a freestanding state separated from the substrate, we have applied it to highly flexible serpentine-shaped electrical wires and 3D pop-up variable-frequency coils.

Green energy harvester using triboelectricity
In our daily lives, our bodies continuously generate numerous movements. If we harness such movements as an energy source, it becomes possible to drive electronics without resource consumption or environmental issues. The induction of friction between two objects with different dielectric constants through various mechanical actions generates static electricity, creating electrical energy. Utilizing microfabrication processes to create microstructures with an increased contact area where friction occurs leads to efficient frictional power generation. Additionally, electronic materials constituting harvesting components are applied in ultrathin film form (~100 nm) on a flexible polymer to ensure stable power generation across diverse deformations.

Biodegradable soft robots
Futuristic soft robots that utilize composite and thermoset materials into multi-layered and miniature structures with soft electronics exacerbate recycling and repair challenges. A soft robot with multifunctional capabilities enabled by fully biodegradable, functionally transient sensors alleviate the robotic waste issue. Simple combination of a pre-patterned poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) elastomer sheet with polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) strain limiters and polyanhydride (PA) adhesives through a cut-and-paste process facilitates fabrication of actuators with diverse inflation trajectories. Integration of serpentine designed Mg sensor on deformable PGS and Si thin film and Mo sensors on stiff PBAT film enables proprioceptive and exteroceptive sensing of various factors including motion strain, tactile pressure, pH, and temperature. Closed-loop control with curvature and tactile feedback was implemented with bendable robot fingers. An underwater robot, a robotic globe and a balloon catheter evaluate the practical applicability of biodegradable robots with multifunctional sensing capabilities from a sustainability perspective.